The word sausage was borrowed from Old North French saussiche in the mid-fifteenth century. Since then, it peaked in usage during the world wars and the 1980s, with various historical spellings such as sawsyge, sawsege, sossage, saucege, soulsage, sawsage, and saltsage. That last one is perhaps the most appropriate, because the word traces to Vulgar Latin salsica, which translates to "seasoned with salt". The reason for that is that early sausage making was a food preservation technique, wherein meat was salted and put in tubular casings. Salsica is from Latin salsus, meaning "salted", which is from Old Latin sallere, meaning "to salt", which is from the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root selh, referring to the noun "salt". That forms parts of words like salad, salary, silt, sauce, and more.

I own a German knockoff of the board game Parcheesi that's called Pacheesi, and all my friends used to have a laugh at the blatant mimicry. However, it turns out that one was not copying the other; both names trace to the Indian board game Pachisi, where you have to work your way around a cross by throwing cowry shells (the games Ludo, Sorry, and Trouble all are descendants of this). After the game was popularized in the US in the late nineteenth century, the r was added to Parcheesi in 1892 because of trademark purposes. In Hindi, Pachisi means "twenty-five", which was the highest possible score you could get with the shells. That comes from Sanskrit panca, meaning "five" (from Proto-Indo-European penkwe, also "five"), and vinsanti, meaning "twenty" (probably similar derivation but we're not sure).

Ten-codes are signals used by radio operators and police officers to convey information using the number ten and then another number following it (hence the name). For example, 10-18 was assigned to mean "urgent", and 10-42 meant an officer was going off duty. Some of these phrases seeped into pop culture over time, especially due to cop shows' increasing popularity. What's your twenty to mean "where are you" emerged due to 10-20 being the code asking for location, and 10-4 is commonly used to mean "affirmative" or "roger", which is the same in the ten-codes (this is sometimes suffixed by good buddy, which was common slang among ham radio enthusiasts). All forms of those phrases peaked in usage sometime between the sixties and the eighties, but they're definitely around and kicking.

Disposable drinking cups actually have a fascinating history. Up until 1907, people just shared cups at communal drinking spaces, but then people found out that was unhealthy, so there was a massive demand for cheap paper cups. This led to the development of the Health Kup by the American Water Supply Company of New England. Soon, the business expanded, and they landed a sponsorship with the New York-based Dixie Doll Company, renaming themselves the Dixie Cup Corporation after the toys in 1919 - that should sound familiar. Just over a decade later, a Dixie Cup employee left the company to form a rival startup named the Paper Container Manufacturing Company, which started creating plastic versions in the 1970s. These were named Solo cups to evoke their disposability (the company was renamed after them once they became popular), and that should be another recognizable name.

The word gauze was first used in the English language in a 1561 inventory of the Royal Wardrobe, when it was spelled gais. After a two hundred year period of it being written as either gadze or gawze, gauze​ became the standard, and usage peaked during World War I (and then again a little bit during World War II). The term comes from French gaze, which has an uncertain etymology. One theory is that it comes from Arabic qazz, meaning "silk" and coming from Persian and Middle Persian kaz, with the same definition. That in turn might be from Arabic qazza, meaning "cotton-seed". Another possibility is that gauze was named after the Israeli/Palestinian city of Gaza, which was traditionally associated with silk production. That would make the word come from Hebrew az, meaning "strength".

The modern type of grenade as we know it wasn't invented until 1914, but the word could refer to various kinds of explosive shells as early as 1590. Before that, it gets wild: the word meant "pomegranate", and the definition was extended because of a perceived physical resemblance. In Middle French, it was spelled granate, and in Old French, it was stylized pomme granate, which literally translates to "apple having grains", again due to a shared appearance. Pomme granate in turn is from Latin pomum granatum, composed of pome, "apple", and granum, meaning "grain". Pome was named after Pomona, the Roman goddess of fruits, and granum comes from Proto-Indo-European grhnos​, which also meant "grain". Usages of both the words grenade and pomegranate have been generally increasing since the twentieth century.